Gerbera Cultivation Project Report

Description

Gerbera Report Project Report will help you every time to run this business effectively. If you are planning to start your entrepreneurial journey by initiating a new business, then you have made the right choice by choosing the gerbera cultivation business from many profitable business ideas in India. You can easily start this business with the support of the government subsidy and arranging the required capital investment. You need to know a lot about this business as it is just the beginning, and you might have many doubts and queries about this startup.

One can explore all the important details about this start-up that we have written in our project report. Our experts have made your work easy by writing a gerbera farming project report that you will require to avail bank loan for this business and also using it as a map for your new journey.

Gerbera species are tufted, caulescent, perennial herbs, often with woolly crowns, which are high up to 80 cm. Their leaves are all a rosette, elliptical having entire or toothed margins or lobed, petiolate, or with a petaloid base. They are pinnately veined, often leathery and felted beneath. They have single to numerous flowering stems from each side of the rosette bear bracteate or ebracteate, simple, one-headed inflorescence capitulum.

Gerbera Cultivation Project Report

Capitula are radiated, with different types of rows bracts. Ray florets are female, 2-lipped and the outer lip is very large and strap-shaped whereas the inner lip consists of two small. It has thread-like lobes of white, pink, or red; sometimes it’s rarely yellow. Disc florets are very much fertile and they are five-lobed.

Gerbera is mostly known as the Transvaal daisy Bar Berton daisy or African daisy. It is a significant commercial cut flower crop. Gerbera flowers have a huge range of colours which include yellow, orange, cream-white, pink, brick red, red, terracotta, and several other intermediate colours. In double varieties, bicolour flowers are available too. Gerbera flowers have long stalks, are thin, and are also very leafy with a long vase life.

The major producing states of India are Karnataka, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Jammu, Kashmir, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu. The Gerbera Cultivation project report is a necessary document that will help you get all the necessary licenses, help you set up this factory, and avail financial assistance from the banks. You can use it as a map that has all the solutions to your doubts and can resolve your problems in a gist of time.

Climate Required to Grow Gerbera Flowers

Bright sunshine helps to accelerate high growth and the quality of growing flowers. However, in summer, this flower needs diffused sunlight. Gerbera plants are mostly grown in locations that have insufficient light and will not bloom well. The optimum day and night temperatures should be between 27oC and 14oC. For the flower initiation, an optimum temperature is 23 degrees Celsius, and for the leaf unfolding it is 25 – 27 degrees Celsius respectively.

Type of Soil Required to Grow Gerbera Flowers

Two factors are considered while selecting the soil for Gerbera cultivation. The pH of the soil must range between 5.5 to 6.5. The salinity level of the soil does not exceed 1 ms/cm. For better growth of roots and also better penetration of roots of the flower, the soil should be highly porous and well-drained.

Red lateritic soil has good growth for Gerbera cultivation as it has all the essential qualities which an ideal soil should have.

How to Download Gerbera Cultivation Project Report PDF India

Gone are the days of waiting at the doorstep of the expert, as a result, you can now get your gerbera farming sample project report in hand, by instantly downloading the report in pdf document format.

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License Required to Start Gerbera Cultivation in India

• You should have GST Registration, which is a must for your floriculture business.
• The local authorities’ Trade License may be required.
• Keep in mind that it is a water-intensive project.
• The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) is a licensing authority for the developing and exporting of the floriculture sector and adding new products.
• Incentives, entrepreneurship programs, and bank loans may be available for the entrepreneurs in the business.

Market Analysis of Gerbera Flowers 

India is bestowed with diverse agro-climatic and also with ecological conditions, which are favourable for growing all the types of commercially important flowers which are generally found in different parts of the globe. It enjoys the best climate in the selected pockets for floriculture during the winter season. India has an enviable position to become a leader in the world of floricultural trade because of the prevailing congenial location along with a favourable climate of liberalization and specific incentives by government and floricultural development.

Specific and authentic quantitative data is not much available for existing production and the area under floriculture in India. According to the horticulture production yearbook of 2001, an area of 88,600 ha during 1999-2000 came under floriculture in India with high growth of production of 5.09 lakh MT of loose flowers and nearby 680.6 million numbers of cut flowers. The production of loose flowers was grown on 73,536 ha of land. Flowers that are grown under open cultivation and protected cultivation are included too. In the playhouse, roses are grown for the doing export. Other flowers which are meant to be exotic include such as carnations, gerbera, orchids, Lilium and several other bulbous flowers which are now increasingly produced commercially both for the export and domestic market.

Floricultural exports from India during 1997-98 had maximum of Rs. 81.20 crore, Rs. 96.60 crore in early 1998 to 1999, Rs. 105.15 crore in 1999-2000 and Rs. 190.63 crore in 2000-01. Apart from this increase in Indian exports, it also shares the international flower trade which didn’t increase from 1995 to 2000 and remained at around 0.35 per cent. There were over 300 Export units oriented in India. The business established floriculture in India in 2005 was Rs 8174 lakhs while it has now increased to more than Rs10117 lakh by April 2007.

Market Prospects

No matter whether there is a birthday or someone’s death anniversary, people love gifting flowers to each other. So by this, you can assume the size of the flower cultivation market. Roses are flowers that are generally used for romantic dates or your loved ones but Gerbera can be given to anyone and it has multiple uses too.

Anyone can grow gerberas in their fields, decorative flowers, anywhere soon. Thanks to the ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticulture, Bengaluru has developed two new varieties of Gerbera that can be grown by farmers in big open fields, unlike in the greenhouse currently.

Ideal Location for Plantation of Gerbera Flowers

More than 50 % of floriculture units are based in the zone of South and mainly in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu. The main importing countries to India of floricultural products in the order are The Netherlands, USA, Japan, Germany, Italy, Denmark, Egypt, Singapore, Switzerland, France, Australia, UAE, Belgium, and Sri Lanka. Between the years 1999-2000, Indian floricultural products were exported to 75 different countries.

Government Schemes Available for Gerbera Flowers Cultivation

For Gerbera, the cultivation requires a massive investment, but the central government and state government offer a subsidy for prompting hi-tech farming. Different states have different subsidy percentages. The bank offers you a loan to total gerbera cultivation.

How Much Do I Need to Spend for Starting Gerbera Flowers Cultivation?

Basically, for around 0.5 acres (2008 sq/meter), gerbera cultivation with the playhouse constriction cost is nearly 22- 24 lakhs.   The government also gives you subsidies of 30% to 80% which depends on which state you belong to. Generally, Gerbera farming time required for the breakeven point is a maximum of 3- 4 years. The Gerbera plant is a perennial plant which means gerbera lives over two years, expert gerbera grower takes production for more than seven consecutive years from the same gerbera plantation.

Is Gerbera propagated in the planters or ground and Why?

If you want to do this at your home then you can use a soilless medium or mixed soil, pine bark, and also perlite medium. A Fine grade is recommended for the small seedlings or cuttings. You will need a seed tray, soil medium for cuttings, and a way to spark water but not over water. My best in the home system was to use drip tubing with no holes and it has to be attached by 1/4 inch tubing and misting heads. It was a complicated build if you’re not doing it with good planning, plumbing, and irrigation but it worked well. Your issue can be that it might not have the space needed to maintain it and drain or doing recycling the water. The constant flow of the water tends to wash all the soil away present there. That’s why we don’t stick seed trays in the manmade creeks. This also allows the soil to absorb the water.

How do I grow gerbera from the seeds?

Seeds are all set if they are cross-pollinated. Sowing of the Gerbera seed may be done in almost any season. Seeds are germinated at a temperature of 15 to 20 degrees C within two weeks, otherwise, it will take up to 30 days maximum. Plants from the seeds will bloom in the second year and also produce good flowers from the third year onwards.

How do I find Gerbera buyers?

Track down the target group who I assume to be the nearest florists, because long-distance transportation can spoil up the flowers, the wedding planner etc. via online platforms like Google, Justdial, word of mouth etc.

Since you are cultivating only Gebara, direct end-user market penetration can be challenging, with a lack of branding due to low volumes of sales. However, it’s a very harmless attempt at community presence, word-of-mouth marketing, social media marketing etc. As your target market is very small, I advise that you can also cater directly to end users rather than just going B2B.

How Do I Grow Gerbera Flowers?

Preparation of planting bed

However, Gerberas are well known to be grown on raised beds to assist in easier movement and have better drainage. The dimensions of the bed should be as follows:

1. Bed height: 1.5 feet (45 cm)
2. Bed width: 2 feet (60 cm)
3. 3m between beds distance: 1 foot (30 cm)

The beds for the planting should be highly porous, also well-drained, and airy. Gravel/sand also can be added at the bottom for better drainage. Organic manure is recommended for improving the texture of soil and to offer nutrition gradually. Organic manure and soil should have to be mixed thoroughly for the optimum outcome. The soil should not be compacted after watering and the upper layer of soil and FYM should not be mixed properly.

While bed preparation, add the Single Super Phosphate (0:16:0) @ 2.5 kg per 100 sqft for a better root establishment and the Magnesium Sulphate @ 0.5 kg per 100 sqft to take care of the deficiency of Mg. Neem cake (@ 1 kg / m) was added for the prevention of nematode infestation.

Soil sterilization

Soil sterilization is carried out for Phytophthora infestation. There are mostly three main soil sterilization methods which are available.

• Steam: Not practical as per the Indian conditions.
• Solar: in this method a sheet of plastic is covered on soil for around 6-8 weeks. The sunrise will heat the soil, and this will kill the most fungi.
• Chemical process: It is considered the most advanced and useful method. The Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has silver which is used for the sterilization of soil. Use of formalin @ 7.5 – 10 lit/100sqm can also be done.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with silver

Process: wet beds with irrigation water. Then mix water with hydrogen peroxide at a rate of 35 ml per/lite. Apply solution evenly on all soil beds. Use one litre of the mixed solution ( Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with the silver + water) in a one-meter region.  After that in 4 to 6 hours, the crop can be planted on it.

Benefits of Hydrogen Peroxide with Silver:

• Economical, reduce its input cost
• It is very easy and safe to use this method which does not have any dangerous effect on human health.
• The plantation can be carried out after 4 to 6 hours of fumigation.
• Eco-friendly and it does not produce any phytotoxic effects on the plants.
• Almost all fungi, bacteria, and viral presence in the soil can destroy the eggs of larvae and insects.

Propagation

Gerbera is a propagated seed, by cuttings of side shoots and suckers.

Seeds: Sowing seeds may be done in any season. Seeds germinate at a temperature of 15 to 20oC within a period of just two weeks; otherwise, it takes up to 30 days. Plants from seeds will be blooming in the second year and then produce good flowers from the third year onwards.

Vegetative: Side shoots, with a few amount of heel, are utilized. Divisions/ suckers and cuttings have been also used.

Micropropagation: The plant parts that are being widely used as micropropagation are Shoot tips, Capitulum, Leaf mid-rib, Flower heads, Inflorescence, as well as Buds. Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with the modification is successfully used for the culture media.

Varieties of Gerbera Which I Must Cultivate

The two new varieties have the potential to revolutionize the cultivation of gerberas, which are grown on about 2,000 hectares in greenhouses. Also, the two varieties can help out in cutting down royalty which has been being paid by Indian growers to breeders based in Europe.

The two varieties which have recently launched, can be grown in regions with maximum temperatures which are up to 40-degree Celsius, have been developed over eight years after screening germplasm from various locations all around the country, said C Ashwath, Principal Scientist and Head of IIHR’s Floriculture and Medicinal Plants division.

The major cultivars of Gerbera are as follows:

• Pre Intenzz, Stanza
• Winter Queen
• Cacharel
• Jaffa
• Sangria
• Diana
• Thalia
• Sonsara
• Paganini
• Anneke
• Rosetta
• Nette
• Gloria
• Ginna
• Ingrid, Sunway, Pricilla, Alexias, Intense, rosaline, dune, Zingaro, Balance, and Monique.

You need to plan which varieties of gerbera you want to cultivate on your farm and then arrange the seeds for the same. You can cultivate a few or all of these varieties. 

Planting

The plant must be three months old and at the time of planting tissue culture, the plant should have at least 4 to 5 leaves growing through it. Gerberas are planted on raised beds in two-row formations. The zigzag system of plantation is mostly preferred in it. While planting 65% of the root ball should be kept below ground and the rest of its portion i.e. 35% should be kept above the ground for better air circulation in the root zones. An Ideal planting density and spacing should be 8-10 plants/sqm or 30 X 30 cm or 40 x 25 cm.

Fertilization Process

Irrigate and fertilize frequently in small quantities for the optimum outcome.  Always analyze soil once in 2 – 3 months to decide on a specific nutrient schedule. An amount of 25 – 75 t/ha of well-decomposed organic manure is required. For the first three months after the plantation, application of 20:20:20:N:P: K @ 1.5 g/l of water every two days during the vegetative stage helps encourage better foliage.

Once the flowering commences, N:P: K 15:8:35 at the rate of 1.5 g/l water/day has to be provided. All the required micronutrients should be provided weekly or fortnightly as per the deficiency symptoms. Boron deficiency results in the turning of young leaves to black-color. Zinc deficiency symptoms also can be identified with C-shaped leaf structures which are caused by chlorosis on one half of the leaf blade which ceases to be expanded, while the other half of the leaf is seen as normal.

Cultural Practices While Cultivating Gerbera

Weeding and raking of soil

Weeds take nutrients off plants and also they affect their production. Hence, they should be removed from the bed. Due to regular irrigation, the surface of the gerbera bed becomes very hard hence raking of soil is done with the help of a raker. It further increases the aeration in the soil root zone of the plant. This operation should be done daily and also maybe twice a month.

Disbudding

Removal of the inferior quality flowers at the beginning after plantation is known as disbudding. Normal production of gerbera plants began just after 75 – 90 days from the date of its plantation.

Removal of old leaves

Sanitation helps out in keeping disease and pest infestation, at also economic threshold level. The old, dry, and infected leaves must be removed from the plant and the production site.

Control Pests and diseases Attacking Gerbera

Important diseases such as Root rot (Pythium irregular, Rhizoctonia solani); Foot rot ( Phytophthora crypto gear); Sclerotium rot (Sclerotium rolfsii); Blight ( Botrytis cinerea); Powdery mildew ( Erysiphe cichoracearum, Oidium crysiphoides ); Leaf spots ( Phyllosticta gerberas, Alternaria spp must be prevented.

Harvesting

The flowers initially can be harvested 75 – 90 after planting. Flowers with different varieties (single types) are ready to be picked when 2 – 3 whorls of stamens have entirely been developed. A few types of varieties are picked a little riper, especially double types. A good flower has a stalk length of 45-55 cm and a diameter of 10 – 12cm.

Morning or evening is one of the best times for gerbera flower harvesting. Skilled labour is required for its harvesting. After the process of harvesting the flowers should be kept in a bucket containing clean water. Flowers are very delicate hence they should be carefully handled otherwise they can be highly damaged and their quality deteriorates. For harvesting gerbera, no secateurs are required and it can be done by naked hands.

Marketing Strategies

How does one ensure that your flower business gets the maximum optimum sales and website traffic the whole year? Social media marketing is the only answer to it!

Social media

With millions of people using the internet, social media is a powerful channel for digital marketing. It helps you to create loyal customers for your site and base and keep up with the increasing competition.

Consistency

The total number of times you upload depends on your social media handle and the content you are sharing. However, it is very essential to post around at least 1-3 times a week or as often as it is possible as long as you have good content to share with your audience. Consistent nurturing helps your social media marketing initiative to pay off.

For instance, you should post relevant industry information and articles to fill your social media calendar. Remember to use all of the above-mentioned scheduler apps for planning your content!

Identify the audience

Your social media marketing campaign will be effective only when you are specifically designing the message for your target audience with the help of experts. Understanding the interests of your audience will help you to develop content that will be engaging and interesting to your targets. For an interesting and successful social media campaign, always find new ways to enhance audience engagement on your social media handles. You can also do this by responding to comments, tagging them in the posts, using different and unique hashtags, and also by adding links to your official website and the blogs you write.

Relevant content to post

Use the same colours, and photos, and also show the branding throughout all your social media profiles on the different platforms online you are using and your Google Business profile.

To measure goals and aims

In this type of marketing, you can set up a dashboard for measuring the performance against the set objectives. Then you can also track the key operations for determining your campaigns and their performance and identify areas that need adjustments.

Contents of Gerbera Farming Project Report PDF India

For whom is the gerbera Project report format useful?

1. CA Chartered Accountants
2. Tax Consultants
3. Small Business Owners
4. Students
5. Engineers
6. Who wants to self-study

In addition to those who want to prepare project reports themselves. We can provide entrepreneurs with customized project reports that can specially be prepared for you all to have access to the required information. 

Sample Project Report Format of Gerbera Farming

In our project report format, we cover technology details, diagrams, flow charts etc. as and when required or deemed fit to include. Also, we can help you prepare in-depth financial calculations which are necessary for the Investor/bank.

You will get the report data from our Project Report in PDF. You can also modify the information according to your needs. You will be able to access the data easily according to your requirements. 

Conclusion

Gerbera is a very important commercial cut flower crop. Gerbera has a large range of colours, including yellow, orange, cream-white, pink, brick red, red colour, terracotta, and several other intermediate colours. In addition, the fluctuation in market prices for gerbera has this time affected the prospects of the farmers growing it. There have been times when they were not able to supply even a portion of the growing high demand.

Gerbera which is an exotic flower plant is grown commercially in the states including Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Andhra Pradesh. Orissa and Karnataka. Kanthallur is also entering into this list, though on a small scale.

Setting up a gerbera farm is a profitable venture that needs a well-written business project report that includes every crucial fact about this business market feasibility, future of business, legalities, quality, production etc. This business can rise in a short period, and it is a continuous business that can make you wealthy. 

Frequently Asked Questions On Gerbera Cultivation Project Report